{"id":1420,"date":"2022-01-12T20:29:37","date_gmt":"2022-01-12T20:29:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/marereport.namma.org\/?p=1420"},"modified":"2024-01-12T21:13:28","modified_gmt":"2024-01-12T21:13:28","slug":"enabling-seafarers-safety-and-health-protection-a-way-forward","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/marereport.namma.org\/index.php\/2022\/01\/12\/enabling-seafarers-safety-and-health-protection-a-way-forward\/","title":{"rendered":"Enabling seafarers\u2019 safety and health protection: A way forward"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

by Carolyn A. E. Graham, Ph.D., AFHEA, PHF<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The COVID-19 global pandemic has severely impacted the global economy due\nmainly to the prevention and containment measures requiring closures of\nborders, restricted travel, closures of businesses except for essential\nservices, and physical distancing. These measures have severely impacted\nworkers worldwide and seafarers are no exception. It is believed that the\npandemic has exacerbated existing safety and health concerns for seafarers and more\nso, that the international response has been inadequate to bring relief.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Urgent matters of repatriation, excessive working hours, abandonment,\nshore leave, crew change, mental health concerns and medical emergencies, which\nare issues that have always plagued seafarers, have been sharply exacerbated. Yet\nthe regulatory regime is constrained in addressing these urgent concerns as\ngovernments are relied on to honour the commitments made in the ratification of\nthese international instruments. Governments\u2019 responses to the pandemic have\nbeen unilateral and fickle rather than being a coordinated and sustained effort\nto bring relief to seafarers. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the height of the crew change crisis in 2020, the International\nTransport Workers Federation (ITF) issued its support for seafarers to stop\nworking. However, the magnitude of the response that would have been necessary\nto effect change was not achieved. Two reasons might be that 1) seafarers are not\nsufficiently empowered by the regulatory regime to discontinue dangerous work;\nwhich the COVID-19 working conditions amount to, and 2) many seafarers do not\nhave adequate safety and health representation, as union support in their\ncountries are weak, and even where this might exist, is not readily available\nat the shipboard level. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The two main instruments of the international maritime safety and health\nmanagement regulatory regime are the International Safety Management Code (ISM)\nand the Maritime Labour Convention 2006 (MLC). In normal times, these two\ninstruments have been weighed in the balance and found wanting, as they fail to\noffer adequate protection to seafarers. The pandemic has shown that if the\nsafety and health instruments are to be more effectively applied, better\ncoordination and cooperation is needed among all stakeholders, as well as more\nenabling provisions for seafarers to become meaningfully involved in their own\nprotection. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The MLC and the ISM lack specific mandatory standards for seafarers to discontinue\nwork that is dangerous and are weak in their provisions for collective action\nat the shipboard level. The ISM\u2019s top-down managerial approach to safety and\nhealth management thwarts the kind of empowerment seafarers would need to act\nin their best interest. This is because the ISM promotes individual instead of\ncollective action. Although the ISM claims to have seafarers\u2019 participation,\nthough safety committees, many ships tend to see all seafarers as members of\nthe committee and therefore bring their concerns individually, notwithstanding\nthe power imbalance in the seafarer\/shipowner or manager relationship. There is\nenough research evidence showing that workers, particularly those with\nprecarious work contracts, do not effectively engage with individual mechanisms\nfor airing their concerns. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the labour standards for seafarers, the MLC also lacks provisions to\nenable seafarers to act collectively at the shipboard level in their safety and\nhealth protection. Seafarers are not enabled to take\nindustrial action or to stop dangerous work under the MLC. Where any such\nnotion might exist, it is vaguely implied in the tripartite approach and MLC safety\nand health guidelines, which are not mandatory. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although this is\neasier said than done, provisions in the safety and health regulatory regime\nfor seafarers to take industrial action would do well to signal to the seafaring\nwork force that the international maritime community is cognizant of the\nimportance of involving them in their own protection as the pandemic has shown\nthat existing mechanisms are unreliable. Such a provision might have assisted\nseafarers to take a stronger position \u2013 as the ITF suggested \u2013 in alleviating\ntheir severe working conditions to some extent, during this pandemic. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Such provisions would also be well supported by stronger standards for\nsafety and health representation. Current research is showing how\nrepresentatives have been able to support workplaces, ensuring businesses to remain\nopen while protecting workers safety and health during the pandemic.[1]<\/a> Safety representatives\nhave been able to monitor and report on workplace conditions providing valuable\ndata for policy makers. They have reported on assisting workers with mental\nhealth concerns and other psycho-social workplace issues such as bullying. They\nhave assisted in coordinating safety and health response measures and supporting\nworkplace safety and health committees in managing the\npandemic. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

While\nrepresentatives on ships might not have had much influence over whether or not\ngovernments open their borders to seafarers, they could have played an\nimportant role in helping to coordinate shipboard responses and act as\nimportant sources of information and contact points between the ship and\nshore-based authorities. These activities would have also been more effective\nif supported by unions and appropriate regulatory provisions. Safety\nrepresentatives would be the direct voices of seafarers in any collaborative\naction to alleviate the stresses at sea. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Collaboration\namong shipowners, unions and welfare organizations is important in lobbying\ngovernments to put measures in place to address the pandemic\u2019s impact on\nseafarers. However, this collaboration seems to end at the gangway. The\npandemic has clearly shown the need for such collaboration to be a normal part\nof shipping operations at all times. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The MLC standards\nfor safety and health representatives is fashioned from land-based approaches,\nyet it remains underdeveloped and merely symbolic in many instances.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The history of\nindustrial relations tells the story of more conflictual rather than\ncollaborative relationships between employers and workers. The pandemic has highlighted\nthat this does not have to be the case and collaboration is needed in the\ninterest of all parties. This is the basis on which the MLC in particular was\ndeveloped. This experience with COVID-19 should therefore be used to develop\nmore resilient standards going forward. The pandemic continues and preparations\nshould be made to address this and future crises of this nature. The time is\nright for the industry to acknowledge the important role of workers and their\nunions and make the necessary adjustments in the regulatory provisions to\nsupport their involvement.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> UNITE the UNION (2021). Working through COVID: A report of a survey of Unite Workplace Representatives. https:\/\/www.unitetheunion.org\/media\/3835\/unite_working-through-covid_reps-survey-report_word_april-2021.pdf<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Image: NAMMA Flickr\/Rev David Rider<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

by Carolyn A. E. Graham, Ph.D., AFHEA, PHF The COVID-19 global pandemic has severely impacted the global economy due mainly to the prevention and containment measures requiring closures of borders, restricted travel, closures of businesses except for essential services, and […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":2434,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[219],"tags":[259,131,253,39,490],"class_list":["post-1420","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-maritime-world","tag-covid-19","tag-mental-health","tag-mlc-2006","tag-seafarers","tag-working-hours"],"yoast_head":"\nEnabling seafarers\u2019 safety and health protection: A way forward - The MARE Report<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Discover the profound impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the maritime sector and the urgent challenges and obstacles faced by seafarers.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/marereport.namma.org\/index.php\/2022\/01\/12\/enabling-seafarers-safety-and-health-protection-a-way-forward\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Enabling seafarers\u2019 safety and health protection: A way forward - 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